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Table of Contents
Roman numerals are an ancient Rome numerical system that remained common in the Late Middle Ages as the usual way of writing numbers across Europe. Combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet represent the numbers in this system. Seven symbols with a fixed integer value are used for contemporary use:
Long after the decay of the Roman Empire, the use of Roman numerals continued. Roman numerals started to be replaced by more convenience Arabic numerals in most contexts in the 14th century. This process was however progressive and in some minor applications the use of Roman numerals continues up to this day. Currently many people also use this tool to find birthday in roman numerals.
One place you often see for dates in roman numerals is on the faces of the clock. In Big Ben and on other historical clocks of British Empire, for instance, the hours 1 to 12 are written in Roman numerals that were designed in 1852:
I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | XII |
One interesting fact to be noted here is that IV and IX can be read as "one before five" (4) and "one before ten" (9). However, 4 is traditionally written IIII on most Roman numeral clock faces.
Other common uses include year numbers for monuments and buildings, and copyright dates on the film and TV title screens. MCM, meaning "a 1000", and a 100 less than another 1000”, means 1900, which is why 1912 is written as MCMXII. MM indicates 2000 for this century. So MMXIX is the present year.
Every rule in itself is understandable, building on the one before it. Any technical terms on their first use are explained. Although each rule should be reasonably concise, it should not be reduced to incomprehensibility. To make them clear, some rules require a note or two.
Roman numerals are an informal convention to express numbers, based closely on the Roman Empire's classical use. This convention is expressed by the following rules:
1. Counting is primarily decimal in Latin (hundreds, tens and units). In Roman numerals this reflects each power of ten is noted separately, from left to right, as is the case with standard numerals "Arabic." Every power has its own notation, hence:
The symbols express the units
I (=1) and V (=5)
The symbols express tens
X (=10) and L (=50)
The symbols express hundreds
C (=100) and D (=500)
2. For each power, multiple base symbols (I, X, C) are constructed as a tally, and therefore:
This basic tally addition is referred to as additive notation.
3. There is an intermediate symbol for each power of ten representing 5 of the base tally symbols.
These are called quinary numerals.
4. For each power, a quinary number preceded by the base number represents 4 (5-1) of the base symbols.
This is a "subtractive notation" example. The only "regular" exception to this rule is that usually on clock faces 4 (IV) is represented as "IIII."
5. A tally of the base numerals follows a quinary number, so that the remaining values for this power can be represented.
6. For each power, the base symbol for the next power up preceded by the base symbol represents 9 (10-1) of the base symbols.
"M" is used as the base symbol for the thousands for the purpose of this rule, but M(=1000) is a special case-there is no standardized quinary number for 5000, for example. There is no classical precedent for modern use of "M" as an additive symbol in (say) MMXVIII - whereas roman numerals for numbers bigger than 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX), are currently not used or in practice.
7. In terms of these rules, no combination of redundant symbols with a regular number described in any of the preceding rules is "regular”, while there might be an inscription in some cases.
Examples - Quinary additive number (VV = X=10), subtractive number (IIX = VIII=8), quinary numerals that have been ambiguous or cancel themselves, (IXI = X=10). Similarly, the consistent use of subtractive notation results in more than three redundant repetition of any symbol, so that such notation is regular only in the exceptional case of clock faces.
No doubt Roman numerals’ rules are complicated to understand. Moreover, when you are in hurry to convert date into roman numerals, you can’t go through each rule and convert it on your own. Therefore, we have developed Roman numerals date converter to convert dates easily and quickly.
You can choose the format of dates i.e., DD.MM.YYYY or MM.DD.YYY
Similarly, you can also choose delimiter i.e., bullet (.), dash (-), dot (.), space ( ), underline (_), slash (/).
As soon as you’ll select the date to convert, our Roman numeral date converter will convert the date in the romans within no time. Roman numeral converter date is highly feasible tool for converting decimal dates into numeral ones. Roman numerals calculator works as a roman numerals date converter perfectly for every year and every date.
Dates in roman numerals or the years like 2018 in numerals are trending typo fashion among social media users. Roman numerals dates have been writing for many years. Date in Roman numerals for large numbers are nowadays seen mainly in the form of year numbers, as in these historical examples:
The largest number that can be represented in this notation is 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX).
Roman numeral | Decimal number |
---|---|
I | 1 |
V | 5 |
X | 10 |
L | 50 |
C | 100 |
D | 500 |
M | 1000 |
Year | Roman numeral |
---|---|
1000 | M |
1100 | MC |
1200 | MCC |
1300 | MCCC |
1400 | MCD |
1500 | MD |
1600 | MDC |
1700 | MDCC |
1800 | MDCCC |
1900 | MCM |
1990 | MCMXC |
1991 | MCMXCI |
1992 | MCMXCII |
1993 | MCMXCIII |
1994 | MCMXCIV |
1995 | MCMXCV |
1996 | MCMXCVI |
1997 | MCMXCVII |
1998 | MCMXCVIII |
1999 | MCMXCIX |
2000 | MM |
2001 | MMI |
2002 | MMII |
2003 | MMIII |
2004 | MMIV |
2005 | MMV |
2006 | MMVI |
2007 | MMVII |
2008 | MMVIII |
2009 | MMIX |
2010 | MMX |
2011 | MMXI |
2012 | MMXII |
2013 | MMXIII |
2014 | MMXIV |
2015 | MMXV |
2016 | MMXVI |
2017 | MMXVII |
2018 | MMXVIII |
2019 | MMXIX |
2020 | MMXX |
2021 | MMXXI |
2022 | MMXXII |
2023 | MMXXIII |
2024 | MMXXIV |
2025 | MMXXV |